According to wikipedia, Biodiesel refers to a non-petroleum-based diesel fuel consisting of short chain alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters, made by transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats, which can be used (alone, or blended with conventional petrodiesel) in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles. Biodiesel is distinguished from the straight vegetable oil (SVO) (aka “waste vegetable oil”, “WVO”, “unwashed biodiesel”, “pure plant oil”, “PPO”) used (alone, or blended) as fuels in some converted diesel vehicles. “Biodiesel” is standardized as mono-alkyl ester and other kinds of diesel-grade fuels of biological origin are not included,
How Biodisel Work?
Fats and Biodiesel
Part of what makes biodiesel so appealing and interesting is that it can be made from numerous natural sources. Although animal fat can be used, plant oil is the largest source of biodiesel. You’ve probably used some of these in the kitchen. Scientists and engineers can use oils from familiar crops such as soybean, rapeseed, canola, palm, cottonseed, sunflower and peanut to produce biodiesel. Biodiesel can even be made from recycled cooking grease!
The common thread shared by all biodiesel sources is that they all contain fat in some form. Oils are just fats that are liquid at room temperature. These fats, or triacylglycerols (sometimes called triglycerides) are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms bound together and arranged into a specific pattern. These triacylglycerols are pretty prevalent. In addition to household vegetable oils, they’re also in common things like butter and lard. You may have seen a triglyceride count listed if you’ve been to a doctor and had some blood work done.
One way to visualize these triacylglycerols is to think of a capital “E.” Forming the vertical backbone of this E is a molecule known as glycerol. Glycerol is a common ingredient used in making such things as soap, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Attached to this glycerol backbone and forming the horizontal elements of the E are three long chains composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. These are called fatty acids.
Source: http://auto.howstuffworks.com/biodiesel1.htm
Biodiesel Car list
http://www.biodieselamerica.org/diesel_vehicles_us
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